VCSU Library Citation Guide

Journal of Wildlife Management Citation Basics

• All citations should be double spaced
• Indent after the first line of each entry
• Entries are not numbered
• If an element is not present, omit it
• Alphabetize by the first word of the entry
• Enter author's last name followed by first and middle initials
• Capitalize ONLY the first word of a title and proper nouns in titles of books and articles, no matter how they appear in a database or catalog. 

Elements of a Citation

The Journal of Wildlife Management uses many of the same elements as other citation styles. The specific elements vary based on the type of source being cited, but the general elements can be broken down into a few categories.

Author, Editor, or Creator:

The creator of the source. The author can be one person, multiple people, an organization, a government body, or even a company. Some sources may have multiple creators. For example, a chapter in an edited book will have an author and an editor.

Publication Date:

The date the source was created. The year a source was published is the most important, months and days are usually irrelevant.

Titles:

What your source is called. Titles include article titles, book titles, chapter titles, journal titles, website titles, etc. Depending on what kind of source you are using, you may have multiple titles. For example, when citing an article, you need both the title of the article and the title of the journal it was published in.

Edition or Volume:

Descriptors to help specify your source. Editions are usually connected to books. You might see the fifth edition, the 25^th anniversary edition, or a revised edition. Volume and Issue numbers are connected to journal articles. While many journals are published online, articles may still have issue numbers and volume numbers. You could see these listed as Volume 12 Issue 4 or Volume 24 Spring.

Pages or Location Information:

Where your source is located. Page numbers are most important for journal articles and book chapters. Some journal articles use e-locators instead of page numbers, which you will find on the article page.

Publication Information:

Who published the source and where. The publisher and place of publication are used for books, government publications, theses or dissertations, and symposia proceedings.

DOI or URL:

location of a web source. DOI stands for Digital Object Identifier and is most often connected with journal articles. The Journal of Wildlife Management does not require DOIs in citations and only needs URLs for website citations.

Formatting Authors in Reference Page Citations

Single Author:

Put the author's last name first, then the first initial, include the middle initial if applicable. 

Jonas, J. 

2 Authors:

Use last name and first initial for both authors. The first author's name should be written last name first, the second author's name should have the first initial first. 

Jonas, J., and C. Roan.

3 to 10 Authors: 

List all authors by their last names and initials, separate names with commas. The first author's name should be reversed (last name first), while the rest of the authors' names should be listed first initial first. 

Jonas, J., C. Roan, D. Bowie, J. Lennon, and M. Jackson. 

11 or more Authors: 

List the first 10 authors by their last names and initials followed by et al. Separate names with commas.  The first author's name should be reversed (last name first), while the rest of the authors' names should be listed first initial first. 

Jonas, J., C. Roan, D. Bowie, J. Lennon, M. Jackson, B. Eilish, C. R. Jepsen, N. K. Cole, T. Swift, P. Stump et al. 

In-Text Citation Information

We use in-text citations to let readers know which source on our reference list provided which information. The Journal of Wildlife Management uses parentheses for in-text citations, usually including the name of the author and the date of publication, with page numbers added for direct quotes or paraphrases. The following examples cover the most common types of in-text citation. 

Citing one author when name is not mentioned in the sentence: (Smith 2015)

Citing one author when name is mentioned in the sentence: Smith (2015) 

Citing two authors when names are not mentioned in the sentence: (Smith and Doe 2018)

Citing two authors when names are mentioned in the sentence: Smith and Doe (2018)

Citing three or more authors when names are not mentioned in the sentence: (Smith et al. 2022)

Citing three or more authors when names are mentioned in the sentence: Smith et al. (2022)