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Chicago 18 no longer requires the place of publication to be listed in citations for books. If asked to include this information by a professor, insert the place of publication directly before the publisher, then use a colon to separate the place and the publisher.
In notes this looks like (Place of publication: Publisher, Year)
In the bibliography, this looks like Place of publication: Publisher, Year.
1. Author First Name Last Name, Title of Book (Publisher, Year), Page number.
2. Author Last Name, Shortened Title of Book, Page number.
Author Last name, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year.
1. Author First Name Last Name, “Title of Chapter,” in Title of Book, ed. Editor First name Last name (Publisher, Year), page number.
2. Author Last Name, "Shortened Title of Chapter," Page number.
Author Last name, First Name. “Title of Chapter.” In Title of Book, edited by Editor First Name Last Name, Full page range. Publisher, Year.
1. Author First Name Last Name, Title of Book (Publisher, Year), Page number, URL/Database.
2. Author Last Name, Shortened Title of Book, Page number.
Author Last name, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year. URL/Database.
1. Author First Name Last Name, Title of Book, trans. First Name Last Name of Translator (Publisher, Year), Page number.
2. Author Last Name, Shortened Title of Book, Page number.
Author Last name, First Name. Title of Book. Translated by First Name Last Name of translator. Publisher, Year.
1. Author First Name Last Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal Volume Number, no. issue number (Month Year): page number, DOI/URL.
4. Author Last Name, “Shortened Article Title,” page number.
Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume Number, no. issue number (Month Year): page number. DOI/URL.
5. Author first name last name, “Title of article,” Name of newspaper/magazine, date, URL.
4. Author Last Name, “Shortened Article Title.”
Author last name, first name. “Article title.” Name of newspaper/magazine, date. URL.
1. Author First Name Last Name, “Title” (Source Type, Institution, Location, Year), Page Number, Database/DOI/URL.
2. Author Last Name, "Shortened Title," Page number.
Author First Name Last Name. “Title.” Source Type, Institution, Location, Year, Page range. Database/DOI/URL.
1. “Page title,” Website Name, Organization/Author, date, URL.
4. Author Last Name/Organization, “Page title.”
Organization/Author. “Webpage title.” Website name. Date. URL.
1. Author First name last name (@username), In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post,” Source type, date, URL.
4. Author Last Name, “Shortened Title.”
Author last name, first name (@username). In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post.” Source type, date. URL.
1. First Name Last Name of creator, "Episode #: Title of Episode," Publication date, in Title of Podcast, producer, podcast, run time, URL.
Last Name, First Name. "Episode #: Title of Episode." Producer. Title of Podcast. Publication Date. Podcast, Run time. URL.
By convention ordinals in public documents end in d instead of nf (2d instead of 2nd).
1. Name of Government, Title, Name of Individual Author, Report Number, date of publication, page numbers, URL.
Name of Government. Title. Name of Individual Author. Report Number, date of publication. page numbers. URL.
Images are usually cited in the text of a paper, if a more formal citation is needed, follow these guidelines.
1. Artist First Name Last Name, Title of Work or Description, Date created, medium of artwork, location of work, URL if accessed online.
Artist Last Name, First Name. Title or Description of Work. Date created. Medium. Location. URL if accessed online.
1. Title of Work, directed by Director Name (Original Release Year; City: Studio/Distributor, video release year), Medium.
Director Last Name, Director First Name, dir. Title of the Work. Original Release Year; City: Studio/Distributor, video release year. Medium.
1. Title of Show, season #, episode #, "Title of Episode," directed by Name of Director, written by Name of Writer, aired Month Day, Year, on Network/Streaming service. URL.
Writer Last Name, Writer First Name, writer. Title of Show. Season #, episode #, "Title of Episode." Directed by Name of Director. Aired Month Day, Year, on Network/Streaming service. URL.
When citing a song that was written by someone other than the performer, put the songwriter's name in the "contributing personnel" spot.
1. Name of group/composer/performer, “Title,” contributing personnel, recording date, Recording Company or Publisher, track number on Name of Album, year of release, medium.
Name of group or composer or performer. Title. Contributing personnel. Recording date. Recording Company or Publisher, medium.
1. Firstname Lastname, “Speech Title,” Date of speech, location of speech, medium, running time, information on where the recording can be found.
Lastname, Firstname. “Speech Title.” Date of speech. Location of speech. Medium, running time. Information on where the recording can be found.
1. Firstname Lastname of Creator, "Title of Video," posted date, by Channel, video, run time, URL.
Lastname, Firstname. "Title of Video." Publishing Organization/Channel Name. Posted date. Video, run time. URL.
Personal interviews, correspondence, and other types of personal communications—including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media—are usually cited in the text or in a note only; they are rarely included in a bibliography.
1. Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017.
2. Interview with home health aide, July 31, 2017.
It's always better to quote an original source directly, but when this is not possible, you will need to cite both the original and the secondary source in the notes. An indirect citation will look different based on what type of sources are being used.
1. Author First Name Author Last Name, Title of Book (Publisher, Year of Publication), page number(s) in original source if available, quoted in Author First Name Author Last Name, Title of Book (Publisher, Year of Publication), page number(s).
In the bibliography, you only need to list the secondary source.
Author Last Name, Author First Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication.
Information from Indigenous Elders or Knowledge Keepers should not be cited as a personal communication, rather it should be treated with the same respect as scholarly sources. It is important to confirm with the Knowledge Keeper that you have permission to publish the teachings that were passed along to you.
1. First Name Last Name (Traditional Name [if applicable]), Nation/community, treaty territory [if applicable], where they live [if applicable], topic/subject of communication [if not mentioned in text], interview [specify only if not clear from the text], month, day, year.
Last Name, First Name (Traditional Name [if applicable]). Nation/community. Treaty territory [if applicable]. Where they live [if applicable]. Topic/subject of communication. Interview, month, day, year.